Bruxism, commonly known as teeth grinding, is a condition that can lead to significant tooth damage over time. Many people grind their teeth without realizing it, especially while sleeping. Left untreated, bruxism can cause tooth enamel to wear down, jaw discomfort, and long-term harm to your smile.
Understanding what bruxism is, what causes it, and how it affects your teeth can help you take steps to protect your oral health. Continue reading for more information about this common dental issue.
What Is Bruxism?
Bruxism is the involuntary grinding of teeth. It can occur while you are awake, but it typically occurs most when you are asleep. Bruxism is often linked to brief sleep disruptions known as micro-arousals. These are common in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Over time, wear on teeth from grinding develops, which can damage the protective enamel layer. Bruxism is also linked to TMJ disorders, which cause significant jaw discomfort and tension for patients.
Teeth Clenching Causes
There is no single cause of bruxism. Instead, it is often linked to a combination of physical, emotional, and neurological factors. Research suggests that sleep-related bruxism is associated with changes in brain activity during sleep. Bruxism may also be influenced by:
- Stress or anxiety
- Sleep disorders
- Certain medications
- Bite alignment issues or missing teeth
- Caffeine or alcohol use
In some cases, bruxism erosion and tooth wear caused by stomach acid can occur alongside each other, making tooth damage more severe.
Common Reasons Why You May Grind Your Teeth
People grind their teeth for a number of different reasons, and many are unaware that it is even happening. Common reasons include:
- Emotional stress or tension (such as from work-related stress, recent life changes, or emotional challenges)
- Poor sleep quality (often caused by sleep apnea)
- Habitual clenching during concentration
- Misaligned teeth or untreated dental issues
- Acid reflux
Signs and Symptoms of Tooth Grinding
Because bruxism often happens during sleep, symptoms are usually noticed after damage has already been done. Common signs include:
- Flattened or chipped teeth
- Craze lines (small cracks in the enamel)
- Increased tooth sensitivity
- Jaw pain, stiffness, or clicking
- Facial soreness or tension headaches
- Neck or shoulder discomfort
- Teeth that appear shorter due to wear from grinding
Jaw-related issues are especially common, as the muscles and joints are under constant strain during grinding. Cavities are another symptom in some patients, since enamel damage can make teeth more susceptible to tooth decay.
Consequences of Tooth Wear
Ongoing tooth wear from grinding can lead to more serious dental problems if left untreated. As enamel wears away, teeth become more vulnerable to sensitivity, fractures, and decay. Possible consequences include:
- Cavities
- Cracks or fractures in teeth
- Damage to existing restorations
- Changes in bite alignment
- The need for extensive dental work down the road
In some cases, crowns, bridges, veneers, or implant restorations that contact natural teeth can accelerate wear. Both the restorations and natural teeth can feel the impact of bruxism.
Treatment Options for Bruxism and Tooth Wear
Treatment for teeth grinding and clenching focuses on protecting the teeth and reducing damage. One of the most common and effective options is a custom mouthguard. Wearing a mouthguard at night offers many benefits:
- Cushions the teeth during grinding
- Reduces pressure on the jaw muscles
- Helps prevent further enamel loss
- Protects both natural teeth and restorations
- Helps prevent grinding
Additional treatment options may include:
- Addressing bite issues
- Replacing missing teeth
- Managing stress-related factors
- Treating acid reflux
- Practicing good oral hygiene
- Treating sleep disorders
Dr. Brian Homann can evaluate your teeth, jaw function, and wear patterns to recommend an appropriate treatment plan based on your specific needs. If you already have significant tooth wear, you may benefit from dental bonding or crowns to protect compromised teeth.
Protecting Your Smile
If you are experiencing signs of bruxism or notice wear on teeth from grinding, early intervention can help preserve your enamel and prevent the need for more extensive dental work. Regular dental check-ups help detect and resolve tooth problems early, preventing them from escalating into more serious issues.
Schedule an appointment with our family dentist in Elk Grove Village, IL. For years, we’ve been providing personalized, compassionate dental care to patients of all ages. Reach out today and learn how to protect your smile from teeth grinding!
